BDU LaTeX Practical 6 : Aligned equations · all matrix types · cases environment

📘 LaTeX Practical 6

Aligned equations · all matrix types · cases environment

❓ Question 6: Write a LaTeX document that includes aligned equations, matrix representation, and cases environment using the amsmath package.

⌨️ LaTeX Source Code

\documentclass[12pt]{article} \usepackage{amsmath,amsymb} \title{Mathematical Expressions in \LaTeX} \author{ARO Study Circle} \date{\today} \begin{document} \maketitle \section{Aligned Equations} \[ \begin{align} x + y &= 10 \\ 2x + 3y &= 20 \\ x &= 10-y \end{align} \] \section{Matrix Representations} \subsection{matrix (no delimiters)} \[ \begin{matrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ 4 & 5 & 6\\ 7 & 8 & 9 \end{matrix} \] \subsection{pmatrix (parentheses)} \[ \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ 4 & 5 & 6\\ 7 & 8 & 9 \end{pmatrix} \] \subsection{bmatrix (square brackets)} \[ \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ 4 & 5 & 6\\ 7 & 8 & 9 \end{bmatrix} \] \subsection{vmatrix (vertical bars)} \[ \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ 4 & 5 & 6\\ 7 & 8 & 9 \end{vmatrix} \] \subsection{Vmatrix (double vertical bars)} \[ \[ \begin{Vmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ 4 & 5 & 6\\ 7 & 8 & 9 \end{Vmatrix} \] \] \section{Cases Environment} \[ f(x) = \begin{cases} x^2, & x \geq 0,\\ -x^2, & x < 0. \end{cases} \] \end{document}

📖 Explanation of Commands

• amsmath package provides advanced mathematical environments.
• align environment aligns multiple equations.
• & symbol specifies the alignment point.
• \\ command starts a new equation line.
• matrix – no delimiters around the matrix.
• pmatrix – parentheses ( ) around the matrix.
• bmatrix – square brackets [ ] around the matrix.
• vmatrix – vertical bars | | around the matrix.
• Vmatrix – double vertical bars || || around the matrix.
• cases environment creates a piecewise function.

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📄 Compiled PDF Output

Mathematical Expressions in LaTeX

ARO Study Circle

August 21, 2026

1 Aligned Equations

x + y = 10
2x + 3y = 20
x = 10 − y

2 Matrix Representations

2.1 matrix (no delimiters)

\[ \begin{matrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ 4 & 5 & 6\\ 7 & 8 & 9 \end{matrix} \]

2.2 pmatrix (parentheses)

\[ \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ 4 & 5 & 6\\ 7 & 8 & 9 \end{pmatrix} \]

2.3 bmatrix (square brackets)

\[ \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ 4 & 5 & 6\\ 7 & 8 & 9 \end{bmatrix} \]

2.4 vmatrix (vertical bars)

\[ \begin{vmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ 4 & 5 & 6\\ 7 & 8 & 9 \end{vmatrix} \]

2.5 Vmatrix (double vertical bars)

\[ \begin{Vmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3\\ 4 & 5 & 6\\ 7 & 8 & 9 \end{Vmatrix} \]

3 Cases Environment

\[ f(x) = \begin{cases} x^2, & x \geq 0,\\ -x^2, & x < 0. \end{cases} \]

ARO Study Circle